ever pondered how the world transitioned from mere subsistence to the prosperity we see today. The phenomenon of sustained economic growth, which began around the mid-18th century in England, transformed human existence. Before this, most societies experienced only sporadic growth, often offset by population increases. The Industrial Revolution in Britain marked a turning point, with technological innovation at its heart. But why did it take so long after the advent of agriculture? Nearly 10,000 years prior for this to occur? Historians and economists have long debated the factors, from colonization to institutional changes. A recent book, How the World Became Rich, by Jared Rubin and Mark Koyama, delves deep into this puzzle, exploring the myriad reasons and the interplay of culture, institutions, and historical events. One key takeaway, the world's richness is a result of a rapid increase in technological innovation, driven by the right incentives and conditions. And as long as those remain, the future holds promise. Stay sharp with TL.